The Effect of Botanical Fungicides on Anthracnose Disease in Chili Fruit (Capsicum annuum L.)

Nur Kholilah Syamimi; Hendrival Hendrival; Khaidir Khaidir; Hafifah Hafifah; Usnawiyah Usnawiyah

doi:10.33089/jthort.v5i1.76

The Effect of Botanical Fungicides on Anthracnose Disease in Chili Fruit (Capsicum annuum L.)

Nur Kholilah Syamimi, Hendrival Hendrival, Khaidir Khaidir, Hafifah Hafifah, Usnawiyah Usnawiyah

Abstract

Research on the application of billygoat weed, lantana, and cogon grass leaves extracts on anthracnose disease in chili plants. This research aims to determine the fungicidal activity of billygoat weed, lantana, and cogon grass leaves extracts on the growth and development of anthracnose disease in chili plants. This research method includes the extraction of billygoat weed, lantana, and cogon grass leaves, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media preparation, Colletotrichum capsici fungal isolates breeding, and in vitro and in vivo testing. The research was conducted in the laboratory with three types of treatments arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results of in vitro testing showed that billygoat weed, lantana, and cogon grass leaves extracts were able to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum capsici colonies ranging from 0.50-1.24 cm, 80.58-92.15% inhibitory capacity, 0.16x1060.22x106 spore density at 7 days after inoculation and testing. The results of in vivo testing showed that billygoat, lantana, and cogon grass leaves extracts were able to reduce disease severity between 12.50-16.00%, disease incidence ranging from 26.00-30.00%, and chili fruit weight loss of 28.97-32.92%. Billygoat weed, lantana, and cogon grass leaves extracts have the potential as a botanical fungicide in controlling anthracnose disease in chili plants.

Keywords

Red chili; Anthracnose; Colletotrichum capsici; Billygoat weed; Lantana ; Cogon grass;

Full Text:

PDF

References

Directorate General of Plantation. (1994). Pedoman Pengenalan Pestisida Nabati. Jakarta: Deptan.

Asmaliyah., Wati, E.E., Utami, S., Mulyadi, K., Yudhistira, & Sari, F.W. (2010). Pengenalan Tumbuhan Penghasil Pestisida Nabati dan Pemanfaatan secara Tradisional. Palembang: Pusat Penelitian & Pengembangan Produktivitas Hutan.

Cahyani, E., R. Kusmiadi & H. Helmi. (2015). Uji Efikasi Ekstrak Cair dan Ekstrak Kasar Aseton Daun Merapin Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Cendawan Colletotrichum capsici pada Cabai dan Colletrotichum coccodes pada Tomat. Jurnal Ekotonia, 1(2), 8-25.

Cowan, M.M. (1999). Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews [Online], 12(4), 564-582.

Efri. (2010). Pengaruh Ekstrak Berbagai Bagian Tanaman Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) Terhadap Perkembangan Penyakit Antraknosa pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.). J. HPT Tropika, 10(1), 52-58.

Evizal, R. (2014). Dasar-Dasar Produksi Perkebunan. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

Hernandez-Munoz, P, E. Almenar, V. D. Valle, D. Velez & R. Gavara. (2014). Effect Of Chitosan Combined with Postharvest Calcium Treatment on Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa) Quality during Refrigerated Storage. Food Chemistry, 110, 428-435.

Hersanti, Fei, L. & Zulkarnaen, I. (2001). Pengujian Kemampuan Campuran Senyawa Benzothiadiazol 1% - Mankozeb 48% dalam Meningkatkan Ketahanan Cabai Merah Terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa. Pros. Kongres Nasional XVI dan Seminar Hasil PFI, Bogor, 22-24 Agustus 2001.

Hidayati, N.A., S. L. & A.D.S. (2008). Kandungan Kimia dan Uji Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Lantana camara L. Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegius L.) Jantan. Jurnal Bioteknologi, 5(1), 10-17.

Khan, Z.S. & Nasreen, S. (2010). Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal Activity and Mode of Action of Methanol Extracts from Plants Against Pathogens. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 6(4), 793-805.

Kumalasari, E. & N. Sulistyani. (2011). Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Batang Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steen.) Terhadap Candida albicans Serta Skrining Fitokimia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 1(2), 51-62.

Mirin, A. (1997). Percobaan Pendahuluan pengaruhEkstrak daun Nimba Terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Colletotrichum spp. Risalah Kongres nasional XIII dan seminar Ilmiah Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia. Mataram 25 – 27 September.

Nurhayati. (2011). Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Terhadap Infeksi Colletotrichum capsici Pada Buah Cabai. Jurnal Dharmapala, 3(2), 54-59.

Nurmayulis, Moch. A.S., & Yessica, S. (2013). Pengendalian Penyakit Antraknosa (Colletotrichum capsici) Pada Cabai Merah Dengan Beberapa Bakteri Sebagai Agen Biokontrol. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 5(1), 33-44.

Pepeljnjak, S., Z. Kalodera, & M. Zovko. (2005). Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids From Pelargonium radula (Cav.) L Herit. Acta Pharm, 55, 431-435.

Purwati, E., B. Jaya. & A. S. Duriat. (2000). Penampilan Beberapa Varietas Cabai dan Uji Resistensi Terhadap Penyakit Virus Kerupuk. Jurnal Hortikultura, 10(2), 88-94.

Rahayu, T. (2009). Uji Antijamur Kombucha Coffee Terhadap Candida albicans dan Tricophyn mentagrophytes. Jurnal Penelitian Sains & Teknologi, 10(1), 17-20.

Soetan, K., M.A. Oyekunie., o. Aiyelaagbe., & M.A. Fafunso. (2006). Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Saponins Extract of Shorgum bicolor L. Moench. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(3), 2405-2407.

Sugiyem, W. (2015). Pengaruh Tingkat Konsentrasi Ekstrak Tagetes erecta L. dan Lantana camara L. Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Sporulasi Colletotrichum capsici Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa pada Cabai Secara In Vitro. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung.

Suhartono. (2014). Dampak Pestisida Terhadap Kesehatan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pertanian Organik, Bogor, 18-19 Juni 2014 (pp. 15-23).

Sutariati, G. A. K. (2008). Uji In Vitro Efektivitas Penghambatan Tepung Daun dan Ekstrak Daun Mimba terhasdap Pertumbuhan Koloni Colletotrichum capsici Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa pada Cabai. Jurnal Warta – Wiptek, 16(2), 62-66.

Suwastini, M., Efri, Ivayani & Radix, S. (2020). Evaluasi Efektivitas Fraksi Ekstrak Jarak Tintir Dan Lantana Untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Cabai Merah. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 8(1), 19-26.

Wahyuni, N.M.D., Ni, P.A.A., & Meitini, W.P. (2019). Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Daun Lantana (Lantana camara L.) Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Pengendali Jamur Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Penyebab Layu Batang dan Busuk Akar Tanaman Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca forma typica). Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(2), 191-197.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33089/jthort.v5i1.76