The Diverse Collection of Exotic Tropical Fruits in The Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI)

Asia has more than 70 different fruits; however, there are only about 20 species for large-scale commercial cultivation (Arora & Rao, 1994). The South-East Asian region is an ideal area to grow fruit crops. The fruits have different appearance, taste, and texture (Yaacob & Subhadrabandhu, 1995). Fruits are enriched with essential nutrients and low in calorie content. They can increase people's health (Devine, et al., 1998). Indonesia has many genetic resources. Thirty thousand plants grow in the forest, including exotic fruits; however, only about 4,000 species have been used by people (Uji, 2007). Some of them have the potency to be used in domestication program. The exotic fruits need to maintain because of the economic value as traditional medicine or flavor adding in food (Zurriyati, et al., 2018). Because some exotic fruits have almost gone extinct, people need to conserve these fruits. Conservation strategies involve cultural aspects, socio-economic, and plant diversity (Gulati, 2018). Education and tourism are objectives of plant diversity conservation (Hutabarat & Wilkie, 2018). Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) collects exotic tropical fruits in Indonesia. The present study was carried to evaluate the characters of five exotic fruits in the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI), Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS


INTRODUCTION
Asia has more than 70 different fruits; however, there are only about 20 species for large-scale commercial cultivation (Arora & Rao, 1994). The South-East Asian region is an ideal area to grow fruit crops. The fruits have different appearance, taste, and texture (Yaacob & Subhadrabandhu, 1995). Fruits are enriched with essential nutrients and low in calorie content. They can increase people's health (Devine, et al., 1998).
Indonesia has many genetic resources. Thirty thousand plants grow in the forest, including exotic fruits; however, only about 4,000 species have been used by people (Uji, 2007). Some of them have the potency to be used in domestication program. The exotic fruits need to maintain because of the economic value as traditional medicine or flavor adding in food (Zurriyati, et al., 2018). Because some exotic fruits have almost gone extinct, people need to conserve these fruits. Conservation strategies involve cultural aspects, socio-economic, and plant diversity (Gulati, 2018). Education and tourism are objectives of plant diversity conservation (Hutabarat & Wilkie, 2018).
Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) collects exotic tropical fruits in Indonesia. The present study was carried to evaluate the characters of five exotic fruits in the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI), Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
(Malaysia); buah mentega, bisbol, mabolo (Indonesia); Mabolo, velvet apple (En); Pommier velours (Fr). The leaf shape is oblong with a length of 22-28.5 cm and a width of 7.6 -10.0 cm. The leaf color is green (Table 1). Putri & Chiknawati (2016) informed that the leaf is dark green in a mature step. The fruit weight is 236.7 -399.93 grams ( Table 2). The fruit varies greatly at different times. Hung, et al. (2015) recorded that the fruit's size depends on the time it is harvested.
The leaf has the potential to be a raw material for the pharmacy industry. The leaf extract has antioxidant compounds. It can function as an antidiabetic because it can reduce blood glucose (Demetillo, et al., 2018). The leaf extract has antimicrobial properties (Howlader, et al., 2012). The fruit shape is globose with a strong odor or unpleasant aroma (Pobar, 2003). Hung, et al. (2016) found that D. blancoi contains 39 different volatile aromas; esters and α-farmese are the important aroma compounds.

b. Eugenia uniflora
Eugenia uniflora is a tree in the family Myrtaceae. This plant is called Brazil cherry. It is a nutritious fruit growing in the tropics and sub-tropics areas (Griffis, et al., 2009). The leaf characteristics are smallness (1.8-2.5 x 2.1-2.5 cm), ovate, and a glossy surface. The fruit weight of E. uniflora is 5.1-9.6 grams and red with 1-3 seeds ( Table 1). The pulp juice is sweet-acid. It can function as a raw material for commercial products, such as jellies, jams, desserts, and juices (Griffis, et al., 2008). The pulp has the potential to be food colorants (Borges, et al., 2016).
The fruit of Pometia pinnata commonly used as a traditional medicine. The flesh contains tannins, phenolic and steroid. It can be antioxidant agents (Irawan, et al., 2017). The extract of fruit peel has antioxidant properties (Faustina & Santoso, 2014). The leaf extract can decrease blood pressure (Purwidyaningrum et al., 2017). The stem bark contains triterpenoid (Trimedona, et al., 2015). The fruit has a seed that can function as a medicine for diabetes since it has anti-diabetic properties (Sukiman, et al., 2018).
The tree is an underutilized fruit, but it has medicinal values. The fruit can function as a cytotoxic to cure the human promyelocytic leukemia (Tajudin, et al., 2012). The leaf extract can function as an antibacterial agent (Abd. Wahab, et al., 2019;Ulpiyah, et al., 2019) and antioxidant (Ado, et al., 2013). Those components are useful in the pharmacy industry or drug formulations.

CONCLUSION
Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) collects exotic fruits to ensure that endangered are conserved. The result of the five exotic fruits' morphological characteristics demonstrated that every species of fruit has specific characteristics. They have the potential to be raw materials in the drug pharmacy. Hence, it needs more observation to determine the utilization of these fruits in the future, whether as traditional medicine or as edible fruit.