Assessment And Financial Analysis For Citrus (Citrus Sinensis) Improvement Program In Jambi

The development of the agricultural sector is one of the key strategies for encouraging economic growth in the future because agriculture is a sector that concerns the life of Indonesian people and has a strategic role in the national economy. The strategic role can be realized through the development of agricultural areas that integrate with food supply, industrial raw materials, feed and bioenergy; labor employees; foreign exchange resources; source of income; and environmental preservation through environmentally friendly farming practices (Sulistyaningrum, et al., 2019; Sahara, et al., 2019). The development of the horticultural subsector of agricultural areas requires support from the application of innovations to improve its global competitiveness. The Agricultural Research and Development Agency, through synchronization between Horticultural Research and Development Center and Provincial Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, has produced various superior innovations that are beneficial in developing a domestic horticulture subsector (Pangestuti & Supriyanto, 2011; Suhariyono, et al., 2011). These innovations need to be broadly disseminated to have a real impact on the bursting performance of the horticulture subsector. In connection with this, the Indonesia Agency for Agricultural Research and Development has established a horticultural technology transfer acceleration program implemented to support the Horticulture Agribusiness Development (HAD) Program, which is also the flagship program of the Directorate General of Horticulture (Badan Litbang Pertanian, 2012). ARTICLE HISTORY


INTRODUCTION
The development of the agricultural sector is one of the key strategies for encouraging economic growth in the future because agriculture is a sector that concerns the life of Indonesian people and has a strategic role in the national economy. The strategic role can be realized through the development of agricultural areas that integrate with food supply, industrial raw materials, feed and bioenergy; labor employees; foreign exchange resources; source of income; and environmental preservation through environmentally friendly farming practices (Sulistyaningrum, et al., 2019;Sahara, et al., 2019).
The development of the horticultural subsector of agricultural areas requires support from the application of innovations to improve its global competitiveness. The Agricultural Research and Development Agency, through synchronization between Horticultural Research and Development Center and Provincial Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, has produced various superior innovations that are beneficial in developing a domestic horticulture subsector (Pangestuti & Supriyanto, 2011;Suhariyono, et al., 2011). These innovations need to be broadly disseminated to have a real impact on the bursting performance of the horticulture subsector. In connection with this, the Indonesia Agency for Agricultural Research and Development has established a horticultural technology transfer acceleration program implemented to support the Horticulture Agribusiness Development (HAD) Program, which is also the flagship program of the Directorate General of Horticulture (Badan Litbang Pertanian, 2012).
The lesser horticulture productivity is due to crop management that has not been integrated based on from technical and non-technical aspects in the local specific area, so the government issued Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 50/ Permentan/ OT.140/8/ 2012 and No. 830/Kpst/RC.040/12/2016 concerning inclusive and supervision for agricultural development areas, specifically for horticulture areas (Pusat Data dan Informasi Pertanian, 2016). The government has established Kerinci, Merangin, West Tanjung Jabung, Muaro Jambi, and Jambi City districts as horticultural commodity areas in Jambi Province (Izhar, et al., 2019).
In order to accelerate the growth of various major horticulture commodities, Jambi Provincial Government deems its necessity to spur increased production and productivity through integrated institutional cooperation between the Indonesia Agricultural Research and Development Agency (AIAT Jambi), universities and related local institutions in Jambi Province. Perceived from the existing horticulture production centers in Jambi Province. It is worthwhile to increase equitable development and as a reference for investment areas for the government and the private sector, particularly in achieving efficiency, effectiveness, and added value from investments in Horticulture crops alike citrus (Hernita, 2015;Izhar, et al., 2019).
Citrus is one of the economically important fruits in the world (FAO, 2015;González, et al., 2020) and is one out of three strategically horticultural commodities in Indonesia (Dirjenhort, 2016). Therefore, plans are needed to increase citrus production, including in Jambi Province, which is one of the citrus production centers in Indonesia. In Jambi Province, one of the citrus production centers located in Betara District, West Tanjab Regency. Efforts to increase production are currently facing challenges due to doubtful economic viability of farming, high production costs, and the potential of other commodity crops, which cause the competitiveness of citrus to be inferior (Arbainah, 2016). In Darsono (2008), there are a number of ways and measures of profitability that are commonly used, including a feasibility analysis (R/C) ratio which is a comparison between revenue and costs, which if the R/C value is greater than one indicates that the investment is quite profitable.
One indicator of the highest competitiveness for commodity is if the commodity has maximum benefits from its farming. If the profit of a commodity increase, it means that its competitiveness also increases. In order to maximize profits in the same area and season, various horticultural commodities can be planted in addition to citrus plants, such as chili, tomato, and other horticulture crops. Therefore, the problem that arises is how economic benefits viability of citrus farming?.
The objectives of this study was: (1) to determine the amount of citrus farming income, and (2) to analyze the economic and institutional feasibility of citrus farming in Bunga Tanjung Village, Betara District, west Tanjung Jabung region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted in Bunga Tanjung Village, Betara District, West Tanjung Jabung Region, Jambi Province, in 2017-2019. This study was a quantitative descriptive study to explain the economic aspects that affect citrus farming income. On-farm research by developing demonstration plot at least 2 ha were settled within citrus areas, involved at least 10 farmers each season.
Data collection includes: 1. Primary data in the form of information from farmers and related key information, as well as, 2. secondary data in the form of data on the condition of the study area, population demographics, social and economic potential, and others. Primary data were collected using a survey technique that interviewed farmers and key informants with a questionnaire guide, while secondary data were collected at relevant agencies, both at the provincial and district levels. Sampling techniques were randomly determined in the citrus farmer population in the study location of 30 farmers.
Farming economic feasibility analysis: used to see how much income and production from citrus farming produced by farmers in the village of Bungo Tanjung, West Tanjab District. Farming income can be analyzed using an analysis of costs and income. Farm receipts are multiplications between the production/yields obtained by farmers and the selling price (Darsono, 2008). The definition can be formulated as follows:

TR = Q x Py
Where: TR = total revenue Q = production of activities Py = price of Q While the number of costs for farming activities can be stated in the following formula: TC = FC + VC Where: TC = total cost FC = fixed costs of farming VC = variable costs of farming activities.
Meanwhile, to analyze farm income can be done by calculating the difference between total revenue and total costs, with the following formula: Pd = TR -TC Where: Pd = farm income TR = total revenue TC = total cost (total cost) Economic feasibility analysis will be analyzed with the R/C ratio, which is a comparison between total revenues and costs, with the following formula: A = TR / TC Where: A = R / C ratio TR = total revenue (total revenue) TC = total cost (total cost) Economic eligibility criteria, if: R / C ratio > then farming is said to be feasible/profitable R/C ratio < then the farm is said to be unfit/loss. R/C ratio = then farming is said to be even (no profit or loss).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plots of Demonstration is located in Bunga Tanjung Village, Betara District, West Tanjung Jabung region, Jambi Province, with an area of 1,152 ha. Administratively, Bunga Tanjung Village consists of two hamlets, covering 12 household clusters. The area and total population of each household cluster (RT) are: (a) Dusun Harapan 5,625 ha areas covered with a population of 2,210 people consisting of 2,206 men and 1,004 women and (b) Trijaya Hamlet with 4,473 ha area coverage by the population of 1,586 consisting of 708 men and 878 women. Soil type consists of low humus Gley, Podzolik red, yellow, and Alluvial with an acidity level of 3.5 up to 5.5 where the height is 0 to 0.02 m asl, peat depth 0.5 to 3 m, rainfall 65% wet month and 35% a dry month. harvested, the rest is ready to be planted with the age of 0-2 years. The productivity and production of food crops and horticulture in this village is still low and has the opportunity to be improved. For other food needs such as rice, the people of Bunga Tanjung Village are very dependent on the market (Arbainah, 2016). In addition to food crops and horticulture, the land use of Bunga Tanjung Village is dominated by estate crops, which are successively in accordance with the area: coffee plantations (326 ha), deep coconut (210 ha), areca nuts (94 ha), oil palm (19 ha) and rubber (5 ha). Farming has carried out by smallholders. The use of seedlings, in general, has not been labeled or certified. After fertilization, the crop has not carried out fertilization, even if some farmers apply fertilization is not in accordance with crop needs, this happens because of limited costs and farmers' unawareness, although it was already informed by the head of farmer group, community leaders and extension workers.
The location of the demonstration plot/ demonstration area of citrus commodities was carried out at the citrus planting center in Tanjung Jabung Barat, namely Bunga Tanjung Village, Betara District. Betara District is an area of citrus development, which was started six years ago. This is in accordance with the program of the West Tanjung Jabung regency government as stipulated in the Masterplan of Agribusiness-Based Integrated Agricultural Area of West Tanjung Jabung Regency . The area of citrus plantations in Betara District was 281 ha, and more than 100 ha are located in Bunga Tanjung Village (  The assistance method in West Tanjung Jabung Regency was carried out in the form of a 1 ha environmentally friendly citrus cultivation technology as a demonstration plot. Applied technology determination was based on the results of the baseline survey in which conducted at the beginning of the activity. Based line survey was elaborated together with the local Food Crops and Horticulture Institutions, West Tanjung Jabung region, extension group, and citrus farmers group in Betara District. The existing technology obtained from the baseline survey and directly interviewed with the group of the farmer is presented in Table 5. Farmer existing condition for citrus plantation, at the time of the harvest (on-season), the plants produce a lot of fruit, but the quality of the fruit is low; the size of the fruit is small, so the selling price is low. When harvesting, farmers often leave citrus fruits in trees (not harvested) because they are cheap (Astiari, et al., 2019).
Based on the above circumstances and initial survey together with institutions and other relevant agencies at the district, sub-district and village levels, results stated that the technology component was determined in the form of a package technology formula that would be used as a demonstration plot with an area of 1 ha. The technology formulation is carried out in some stages in accordance with field conditions. Applying citrus technologies simultaneously conducted by field officers and six farmers as cooperator farmers. The results at the beginning of the demonstration plot for the second year activities showed that the growth and development of citrus were performed suitable growth, shiny leaves, and more fruit, compared to citrus outside the demonstration plots.
Several activities carried out on the 2017-2019 citrus demonstration plot, which is a continuation from the previous year. Physically, the implementation of activities starts from land clearing, pruning unproductive branches (Budiarto, at al., 2019), making fertilizer and vegetable pesticides as well as direct application to plants (Table 6). Indonesian citrus farmers, especially in Jambi Province, have been cultivating citrus for a long time but still rely on conventional fertilization. They are spreading fertilizer around the citrus plant and flush the water around it. This process of fertilization and irrigation needs more fertilizer and high cost because of its need for many labors to do it. Watering and fertilizing systems for citrus plants carried out by citrus farmers in Indonesia are still conventional. It was wasteful in using fertilizers and irrigation, which only 60 percent of efficiency. The process of applying fertilizer and watering also requires workers thus the farmer need more money to pay the workers (Widiastuti, et al., 2019).

Citrus Farming Income
Finding out the benefits of citrus cultivation, an economic analysis of farming was conducted from two technologies studied, namely, the citrus plant which was used as a demonstration plot involving four cooperative farmers with an area of 1 ha of plants (Table 4) and non-demonstration plants were still members of farmer groups and in the same spread flat areas with the number of 21 farmers, for details are presented in Table  7. Analysis of farming conducted on demonstration plots and non-demonstration plots. For the demonstration plot, the total cost of plant production facilities and labor costs reached Rp18,803,000 -in one year consisting of expenses for the purchase of organic and inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and labor. While the non-demonstration citrus is farming total expenditure of Rp8,585,000 -in one year, consisting of expenses for the purchase of organic and inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and labor. Both of these farms are the same, only distinguishes by the amount and type of fertilizers and pesticides used. In the demonstration plot, the amount of fertilizer used both chemically and organically is relatively more than in the non-demonstration plot; this affects the outpouring of labor so that the labor force on the demonstration plot is more than the non-demonstration labor force.
The use of organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, pesticides and plant maintenance such as pruning unproductive branches, dead branches, and removal of water shoots and installing fruit fly and ladybug trapping devices are very influential on the growth and yield of citrus, even though the need for an outpouring of energy relatively more work than non-demonstration citrus farming. Production of citrus in the demonstration plot was 4,960 kg, while non-demonstration plots were 3,145 kg per hectare in a year. Demplot citrus production was higher 1,815 kg or increase 36.9% compared to citrus production in non demonstration plot areas.
Citrus harvest requires a relatively long time period, from the first harvest time to the next harvest. In the demonstration plot, there were seven harvesting times with intervals of 4-6 days, while in non-demonstration citrus plants, only four times, this happened because in general farmers harvest young citrus type for juice .
During the harvest time, the selling price of citrus ranges from Rp7,500 up to Rp12,500 with an average selling price during the harvest of Rp9,500, while young citrus or citrus juice was sold at Rp5,000, up to Rp7,500, or with an average selling price of Rp6,000. So that the demonstration plot obtained bruto income of Rp47,120,000, -after the costs of production facilities and labor costs were incurred, the farmer's income was Rp28,317,000 per hectare per year or with an R/C ratio of 2.51 and a B/C ratio of 1.51 while the nondemonstration plot farmers received from the sale of Rp18,870,000, -after the costs of production facilities and labor costs were incurred, the net income of Rp10.285,000, -with an R/C ratio of 2.20 and a B/C ratio of 1.20. The technology implemented in citrus demonstration plots is feasible to be developed, especially in tidal land or in the same agroecosystem because of the R/C ratio and B/C ratio > 1.
Based on economical anaysisi above, The local government should pay more attention to the centers of citrus production by facilitating farmers in form of latest technology information such as the use of seeds with superior varieties, connecting the relationship between farmers and banks, and optimizing the IPM SL program in farmer groups so the farmers can solve problems that often occur such as controlling high attack of plant pests (Aji, at al., 2019).

CONCLUSION
1. The horticulture assistance program for citrus in Jambi Province plays a major role in the dissemination of research technology to farmers as technology users; assistance can improve farmers' skills so that they can improve their farming of citrus. 2. Citrus productivity increases by applying environmentally friendly cultivation technology by fertilizing, controlling pests and diseases, removing water/unproductive shoots, pruning shapes, and pruning branches that are not beneficial for the crop. Production of non demonstration plot citrus 3,145 kg and demonstration of 4,960 kg, there was an increase of 1,815 kg or 36.59%, with an R/C ratio of the demonstration plot 2.51 and B/C ratio of 1.51 while the non demonstration plot R/C ratio of 2.20 and B/C ratio 1.20.

The Study on the Development of Citrus Agribusiness
Areas has received support from the Local Agriculture Office and other relevant agencies by synergizing activities in each region.